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Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (''ca.'' 1285 - 27 August 1335), Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church from 17 December 1316 until his death, was a Roman nobleman, a nephew of Pope Nicholas III and a grandson of Matteo Rosso Orsini. He was sometimes recorded under the names Gian Gaetano Orsini and Giangaetano Orsini.〔 In 1326 the Avignon Pope John XXII sent him as his Legate ''a latere'' to Italy, then much troubled by civil wars, with the task of bringing peace. In the event, Orsini found himself embroiled in battles with the Emperor, Ludwig of Bavaria and his antipope, Nicholas V. After taking Rome and becoming Captain of the City, he pursued his own Orsini interests, however, and lost the support of the Pope. He was dismissed as legate in 1334 and died the next year. ==Early life== Orsini was the son of Matteo Rosso II Orsini, who was prominent in the public life of Rome in the 13th century, and a grandson of Matteo Rosso Orsini the great (1178–1246), who had held almost a dictatorship over Rome in the early 1240s.〔Blake R. Beattie, ''Angelus pacis: the legation of Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, 1326-1334'' (2006), (p. 41 )〕 He was thus a member of the Monterotondo branch of the Orsini family.〔Beattie, ''op. cit.'', (p. 139 )〕 Born about 1285, he was given exactly the same name as his father's brother, Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, better known as Pope Nicholas III, who had died in 1280.〔(ORSINI, Giovanni Gaetano (ca. 1285-1335) ) at fiu.edu, accessed 5 December 2010〕〔(ORSINI, Giovanni Gaetano (ca. 1210/1220-1280) ) at fiu.edu, accessed 5 December 2010〕 He was enrolled at the University of Padua from 1308 to 1310 and studied ''letters'', including rhetoric. He seems not to have made a study of law formally, but he had a wide knowledge of it, while he had very little of theology. He was already a canon of Reims Cathedral before 1308.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (cardinal)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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